Having 50 states with different tax laws promotes "tax shopping". Companies will try to locate in jurisdictions that provide the lowest taxes.
This favors states with small populations and large natural resources that can be taxed (despite high state taxes, you can't move extraction businesses).
There are other considerations that favor high tax, well funded infrastructure states in certain industries. High tech startups will happen in areas with heavy educational infrastructure, because a startup doesn't care about taxes, they aren't making any money, and a high tech startup needs to be in an area where they can hire people qualified to work in the new industry. Which is why you have so many high tech startups in Massachusetts or California, but very few in Alaska, or Mississippi, despite lower taxes.
The long term effect of this will be to force a reorganization of government.
Why have multiple layers of government? Federal, State, local when one government would be the most efficient, uniform tax rates, uniform funding, simplified laws.
The old structures will not survive the new realities, because people don't value them.